Nanoparticles of Antroquinonol-Rich Extract from Solid-State-Cultured Antrodia cinnamomea Improve Reproductive Function in Diabetic Male Rats
Abstract
Figures 
Figure 1
The flowchart of nano-SAC treatment…
Figure 1
The flowchart of nano-SAC treatment in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 1 The flowchart of nano-SAC treatment in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 2
The morphology of ( A…
Figure 2
The morphology of ( A ) Solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea (SAC) extract, ( B…
Figure 2 The morphology of (A) Solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea (SAC) extract, (B) chitosan with silicate, and (C) nano-SAC as showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Abbreviations: AC, A. cinnamomea; DM, diabetes group; Met, metformin; NAC, nano-SAC; n, number of samples each group; SAC, solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea.
Figure 3
The spectrum of Antrodia cinnamomea…
Figure 3
The spectrum of Antrodia cinnamomea extract, chitosan with silicate, and nano-SAC as measured…
Figure 3 The spectrum of Antrodia cinnamomea extract, chitosan with silicate, and nano-SAC as measured by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Abbreviation: nano-SAC, nanoparticle form of silica-chitosan and solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea.
Figure 4
Expression of ( A )…
Figure 4
Expression of ( A ) testosterone hormone, ( B ) luteinizing hormone, and…
Figure 4 Expression of (A) testosterone hormone, (B) luteinizing hormone, and (C) follicle-stimulating hormone in plasma of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat after treatment 7 weeks. Notes: Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 6). The values with different letters (a–c) represent significantly different (P<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Abbreviations: DM, diabetes group; DM+Met, diabetes + 200 mg/kg of metformin; DM+NAC1x, diabetes + 4 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC2x, diabetes + 8 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+AC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of SAC.
Figure 5
( A ) Sperm count,…
Figure 5
( A ) Sperm count, ( B ) sperm mobility, and ( C…
Figure 5 (A) Sperm count, (B) sperm mobility, and (C) sperm abnormality in STZ-induced diabetic rats after treatment 7 weeks. Notes: Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 6). The values with different letters (a–c) represent significantly different (p<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Abbreviations: DM, diabetes group; DM+Met, diabetes + 200 mg/kg of metformin; DM+NAC1x, diabetes + 4 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC2x, diabetes + 8 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+AC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of SAC.
Figure 6
The seminiferous tubules ( A…
Figure 6
The seminiferous tubules ( A ) morphology and ( B ) thickness of…
Figure 6 The seminiferous tubules (A) morphology and (B) thickness of diameter with hematoxylin and eosin staining and of STZ-induced diabetic rats after treatment for 7 weeks. Notes: Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 6). The values with different letters (a–b) represent significantly different (p<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Abbreviations: DM, diabetes group; DM+Met, diabetes + 200 mg/kg of metformin; DM+NAC1x, diabetes + 4 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC2x, diabetes + 8 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+NAC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of nano-SAC; DM+AC5x, diabetes + 20 mg/kg of SAC.