Extraction of bioactive ingredients from fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea assisted by high hydrostatic pressure
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use high hydrostatic pressure treatment to enhance the extraction efficiency of the active components from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea, and compare with those obtained by shake and ultrasonic extraction methods. The conditions of high pressure extraction (HPE) at 600 MPa, a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1, and 3 min of treatment yielded triterpenoids and adenosine concentrations of 410.41 mg/100 mL and 0.47 mg/100 mL, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those with the two other treatments-shake extraction at 180 rpm for 8 h and ultrasonic extraction at 50 Hz for 60 min. The HPE extracts significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells than shake extracts did. SEM micrographs revealed that high-pressure caused physical morphological damage to the mycelium of fruiting bodies, such as distortion and disruption of mycelial cells, and increased the mass-transfer effectiveness of the solvent and solute. HPE can be employed as an efficient extraction technique for production of bioactive ingredients that might have a potential application in food and related industries.
Figures 
Fig. 1
The yields of active components…
Fig. 1
The yields of active components with different solvents. HPE: 600 MPa for 3…
Fig. 1 The yields of active components with different solvents. HPE: 600 MPa for 3 min, liquid/solid ratio 40:1 mL/g; 2.5 g dry fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea. Bars are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3)
Fig. 2
The effect of pressure on…
Fig. 2
The effect of pressure on the extraction yields of a triterpenoids, b adenosine,…
Fig. 2 The effect of pressure on the extraction yields of a triterpenoids, b adenosine, and c polysaccharides. HPE: for 3 min, 70% ethanol, liquid/solid ratio of 40:1 mL/g; 2.5 g dry fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea. Bars represent the mean ± SD (n = 3)
Fig. 3
Effect of extracts from A.…
Fig. 3
Effect of extracts from A. cinnamomea on LPS-stimulated a ROS; b NO; c…
Fig. 3 Effect of extracts from A. cinnamomea on LPS-stimulated a ROS; b NO; c PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Different letters above the bars of same concentration indicates significant differences among treatment means (p < 0.05)
Fig. 4
SEM micrographs of A. cinnamomea…
Fig. 4
SEM micrographs of A. cinnamomea : a control and hyphae treated with b…
Fig. 4 SEM micrographs of A. cinnamomea: a control and hyphae treated with b shake extraction (120 rpm for 8 h), c ultrasonic extraction (20 kHz and 125 W for 60 min), and d HPE (600 MPa for 3 min)