Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk
Abstract
Figures 
Figure 1
Effects of dietary replacement with…
Figure 1
Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea (FAC)…
Figure 1 Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea (FAC) on the mRNA expression levels of selected genes in the chicken liver at 35 days. Values are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of eight replicates (n = 8). WB, wheat bran; FAC, fermented A. cinnamomea from Wang’s lab; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; GST, glutathione S-transferase; GCLC, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit C; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROMO1, reactive oxygen species modulator 1; NOX1, NADPH oxidase 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; NLRP3, nod-like receptor protein 3; COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; HMGCoAR, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; FABP, fatty acid-binding proteins; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; FADS2, fatty acid desaturase 2. a–d Means among groups without the same letter within the same sampling day are significantly different (p<0.05).
Figure 2
Effects of dietary replacement with…
Figure 2
Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from…
Figure 2 Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab (FAC) on Nrf2 and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in liver tissue of (A and C) 21d-old and (B and D) 35-d-old broiler chickens. Values are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of eight replicates (n = 8). ** The values under lanes indicate relative intensity of the band normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (for cytoplasmic protein normalization) or lamin B1 (for nuclear protein normalization) respectively. WB, wheat bran; FAC, fermented A. cinnamomea from Wang’s lab. a,d Means among groups without the same letter within the same sampling day are significantly different (p<0.05).
Figure 3
Effects of dietary replacement with…
Figure 3
Effects of dietary replacement with product fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab (FAC)…
Figure 3 Effects of dietary replacement with product fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab (FAC) on LPS and AAPH-induced cell death in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from chicken blood (35-d-old chicken). The percent dye reduction refers to chemical reduction of PrestoBlue, a resarzurin-based chemical reagent. The greater the magnitude of reduction, the greater the magnitude of metabolic activity and thus, presumably, the larger the number of viable cells. Values are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of eight replicates (n = 8). WB, wheat bran; FAC, fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AAPH, 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. a–c Means among groups challenged by the same stimulus (PBS, LPS, or AAPH) without the same letter are significantly different (p<0.05). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, and *** p<0.001 were considered significant for LPS- or AAPH-treated sample versus its corresponding PBS-treated sample.
Figure 4
Effects of dietary replacement with…
Figure 4
Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from…
Figure 4 Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab (FAC) on (A) hydrogen peroxide and (B) nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS- and AAPH-induced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) in 35 d-old chicken. Values are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of eight replicates (n = 8). WB, wheat bran; FAC, fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AAPH, 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. a–c Means among groups challenged by the same stimulus (PBS, LPS, or AAPH) without the same superscript letter are significantly different (p<0.05). * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 were considered significant for LPS- or AAPH-treated sample versus its corresponding PBS-treated sample.
Figure 5
Effects of dietary replacement with…
Figure 5
Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from…
Figure 5 Effects of dietary replacement with wheat bran (WB) or fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab (FAC) on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) at 35 d. Values are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of eight replicates (n = 8). WB, wheat bran; FAC, fermented Antrodia cinnamomea from Wang’s lab. a,b Means without the same letter are significantly different (p<0.05).
Figure 6
Potential crosstalk among antioxidant, inflammatory,…
Figure 6
Potential crosstalk among antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways in fermented Antrodia cinnamomea…
Figure 6 Potential crosstalk among antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways in fermented Antrodia cinnamomea supplemented broiler.