A branched 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-galactoglucan from Antrodia cinnamomea exhibits moderate antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities

Abstract

A sulfated galactoglucan (3-SS) was discovered in Antrodia cinnamomea with antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Chemical identification of 3-SS resulted in the determination of a partial repeat unit as a 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-linked galactoglucan with a two-residual 1,6-O-β-Glc branch on the 3-O position of a Glc. by monosaccharide analysis and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The anti-inflammation effects of 3-SS on RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL-6 inhibition, restoration of LPS-induced IκB protein degradation, and inhibited LPS-induced TGFRII protein degradation, were confirmed to occur via AKT, ERK1/2, and p-38. In addition, 3-SS impaired the proliferation of H1975 lung cancer cells through EGFR/ERK/slug signaling. This is the first finding of 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-galactoglucan with 1,6-β-Glc branches with dual functions of anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.